Deep Plane Facelift Research Library

This library is a reading list of the peer-reviewed sources DEEPPLANE™ cites on the deep plane facelift, grouped by anatomy, technique, safety, outcomes and comparisons, with a journal or PubMed link where one exists. It does not grade papers or surgeons, and none of the studies is ours: we hold no study of our own, so every rate on this site comes from the sources listed here. What DEEPPLANE™ holds as data: 6 417 published before-and-after pairs from 905 surgeons in 59 countries, 31 of them photographed twelve months or more after surgery.

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64 peer-reviewed sources — anatomy, technique, safety, outcomes, and comparisons. 40 citations include a DOI for direct journal access.

A DEEPPLANE™-verified profile means the DEEPPLANE™ badge is live on the surgeon’s own website (or a dated reprieve stands in for it) and the profile is verified as the surgeon’s: they claimed it and we approved the claim on proof of control, such as a code sent to the practice email on file or our link on the surgeon’s own site, or, for an unclaimed profile, DEEPPLANE™ verified it on evidence that ties that website to the surgeon or on public signals such as Google reviews. It is not a check of board certification, licence status, photographs or identity. O que verificamos e o que não verificamos.

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Total Citations

Journal Articles

With DOI

Research Areas

Citation Standards

All sources follow MEDRS (Medicine and Science Reliable Source) standards: peer-reviewed journals indexed in PubMed, with systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials weighted above case reports. Institutional statistics from ASPS, ISAPS, and ABPS are accepted for prevalence data. Sources are reviewed annually for retraction or supersession.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many peer-reviewed studies support deep plane facelift?

DEEPPLANE™ cites 42 peer-reviewed journal articles and clinical studies across anatomy, technique, safety, and outcomes — all with PubMed or DOI links for independent verification.

What is the strongest evidence that deep plane facelift lasts longer?

Jacono & Rousso (2012) conducted a randomised controlled trial comparing deep plane versus SMAS plication in the same patient (one side each) and found significantly greater longevity and soft-tissue mobilisation on the deep plane side. A 2020 systematic review confirmed the finding across multiple studies.

What DOI links are available for deep plane research?

40 of the citations on this page include a direct DOI link, allowing clinicians and researchers to retrieve the full text via DOI.org or institutional library access.

Who first described the deep plane facelift technique?

Sam T. Hamra, MD, introduced the deep plane rhytidectomy in 1990 (Plast Reconstr Surg. 86(1):53-61). The technique elevated the dissection plane below the SMAS and orbicularis oculi, enabling more natural and durable results than surface-plane methods.

What is the complication rate for deep plane facelift?

Large cohort studies report hematoma rates of 1–3%, permanent facial nerve injury below 0.5%, and infection rates below 1%. Temporary nerve weakness affects up to 2.6% of patients but resolves in the majority within three months.

Is there evidence for combining deep plane facelift with other procedures?

Yes. Multiple studies show simultaneous fat grafting, blepharoplasty, and neck lift can be performed safely in a single anaesthetic episode, with meta-analyses confirming no significant increase in complication rates when performed by experienced surgeons.

Are the same techniques used for men as for women?

No. Technique modifications for men include beard-pattern skin management, different hairline-preserving incisions, and attention to sideburn position. Sykes & colleagues have published the most-cited guidance on gender-specific approach adjustments.

How does DEEPPLANE™ evaluate the quality of citations?

We apply MEDRS (Medicine and Science in Wikipedia Reliable Sources) standards: peer-reviewed journals indexed in PubMed, systematic reviews and RCTs weighted above case reports, institutional statistics from ASPS/ISAPS accepted for prevalence data, and all sources reviewed annually for retraction or supersession.

How many peer-reviewed studies support deep plane facelift?

DEEPPLANE™ cites 42 peer-reviewed journal articles and clinical studies on deep plane facelift technique, anatomy, outcomes, and safety — all with PubMed or DOI links for independent verification. Foundational evidence includes the 2012 Jacono & Rousso RCT (same-patient bilateral comparison), a 2020 systematic review confirming greater longevity, and ASPS/ISAPS prevalence data updated annually. (DEEPPLANE™ Research Library, 2026.)

Deep Plane Facelift Research: What the Evidence Actually Shows

The evidence base is strong for longevity — with acknowledged limits in long-term comparative data.

Strongest Clinical Evidence

Jacono & Rousso 2012 RCT: same-patient bilateral comparison; most rigorous deep plane vs SMAS study
2020 systematic review: deep plane outlasts MACS and superficial techniques; confirmed across 8 studies
Longevity, in part: the one long-term deep plane series counts only patients who returned for a second facelift (10.9 years on average; Levin & Frankel 2026, PMID 41749415)

Where Research Shows Limits

Long-term 20+ year data sparse: most follow-up studies are short
Technique variation complicates comparisons: surgeon variability in 'deep plane' definition affects outcome data
Cost-effectiveness data limited: few studies include economic analysis or quality-of-life outcomes

Anatomical cross-section comparing the SMAS facelift dissection plane with the deeper deep plane facelift dissection plane.

Citations by Research Area

Horizontal timeline of facelift technique evolution from the 1960s subcutaneous facelift through the 1970s SMAS introduction to the modern deep plane facelift.

Deep Plane Facelift Technique

10 sources

Foundational and current evidence on deep plane rhytidectomy outcomes and technique.

Referências

01
Hamra ST. The deep-plane rhytidectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;86(1):53-61(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-03-21DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199007000-00008
02
American Society of Plastic Surgeons - Facelift Statistics 2024(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-03-21
03
Jacono AA, Bryant LM. Extended Deep Plane Facelift: Incorporating Facial Retaining Ligament Release and Composite Flap Shifts to Maximize Midface, Jawline and Neck Rejuvenation. Clin Plast Surg. 2018;45(4):527-554(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2018.06.007
04
International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) Global Survey 2023(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-03-21
05
Khoury S, Almubarak Z, Khan H, Boldt G, Villemure-Poliquin N, Nichols AC. The Deep Plane versus SMAS Facelift: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025;49(21):5895-5903(abre em nova aba)(Estudo de Pesquisa)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1007/s00266-025-05118-x
06
Hamra ST. Composite rhytidectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;90(1):1-13(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199207000-00001
07
National Library of Medicine (NIH) - Rhytidectomy (Facelift) StatPearls(abre em nova aba)(Fonte Governamental)Acessado em: 2026-03-25
08
American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ABFPRS) - Board Certification Standards(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-03-25
09
FDA - Cosmetic Surgery Safety Information(abre em nova aba)(Fonte Governamental)Acessado em: 2026-04-06
10
AAFPRS - The Rise of the Deep Plane Facelift and Why Credentials Count(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-07-24

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Anatomy & Mechanism

6 sources

Peer-reviewed anatomy studies on SMAS, retaining ligaments, and facial compartments.

Referências

01
Mendelson BC, et al. Surgical anatomy of the midcheek and malar mounds. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;110(3):885-896(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/00006534-200209010-00026
02
Stuzin JM. Restoring facial shape in face lifting: the role of skeletal support in facial analysis and midface soft-tissue repositioning. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119(1):362-376(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000251092.82860.25
03
Yang SH, Park H, Yoo DS, Joo W, Rhoton A. Microsurgical anatomy of the facial nerve. Clin Anat. 2021;34(1):90-102(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1002/ca.23652
04
Furnas DW. The retaining ligaments of the cheek. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989;83(1):11-16(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-03-21DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198901000-00003
05
Jacono AA, Bryant LM, Ahmedli NN. A Novel Extended Deep Plane Facelift Technique for Jawline Rejuvenation and Volumization. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(12):1265-1281(abre em nova aba)(Estudo de Pesquisa)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjy292
06
Mitz V, Peyronie M. The superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) in the parotid and cheek area. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1976;58(1):80-88(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-10-07DOI: 10.1097/00006534-197607000-00013

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Technique Comparisons

5 sources

Randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews comparing facelift approaches.

Referências

01
Owsley JQ. Face lifting: problems, solutions, and an outcome study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;105(1):302-313(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05
02
Marten TJ. High SMAS facelift: combined single flap lifting of the jawline, cheek, and midface. Clin Plast Surg. 2008;35(4):569-603(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2008.04.002
03
Swanson E. Outcome analysis in 93 facial rejuvenation patients treated with a deep-plane face lift. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127(2):823-834(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181fed81f
04
Tonnard P, et al. Minimal access cranial suspension lift: a modified S-lift. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;109(6):2074-2086(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/00006534-200205000-00046
05
Baker D. Minimal incision rhytidectomy (short scar face lift) with lateral SMASectomy. Aesthet Surg J. 2001;21(1):68-79(abre em nova aba)(Estudo de Pesquisa)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1067/maj.2001.113529

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Recovery & Outcomes

5 sources

Clinical data on healing timelines, swelling resolution, and patient-reported outcomes.

Referências

01
Baker DC. Complications of cervicofacial rhytidectomy. Clin Plast Surg. 1983;10(3):543-562(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1016/S0094-1298(20)31873-3
02
Mottura AA. Face lift postoperative recovery. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2002;26(3):172-180(abre em nova aba)(Estudo de Pesquisa)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1007/s00266-001-0029-3
03
American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Recovery Guidelines(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-03-21
04
Mayo Clinic - Facelift: What you can expect(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-04-01
05
Cleveland Clinic - Rhytidectomy (Facelift): Recovery and Outlook(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-04-01

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Safety & Complications

6 sources

Large-cohort safety studies, nerve injury rates, and hematoma incidence data.

Referências

01
Baker DC. Complications of cervicofacial rhytidectomy. Clin Plast Surg. 1983;10(3):543-562(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1016/S0094-1298(20)31873-3
02
Khoury S, Almubarak Z, Khan H, Boldt G, Villemure-Poliquin N, Nichols AC. The Deep Plane versus SMAS Facelift: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025;49(21):5895-5903(abre em nova aba)(Estudo de Pesquisa)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1007/s00266-025-05118-x
03
Cason RW, Avashia YJ, Shammas RL, Savetsky IL, Rohrich RJ. Perioperative Approach to Reducing Hematoma during Rhytidectomy: What Does the Evidence Show? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021;147(6):1297-1309(abre em nova aba)(Estudo de Pesquisa)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007943
04
Cristel RT, Irvine LE. Common Complications in Rhytidectomy. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2019;27(4):519-527(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2019.07.008
05
Mottura AA. Face lift postoperative recovery. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2002;26(3):172-180(abre em nova aba)(Estudo de Pesquisa)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1007/s00266-001-0029-3
06
Winocour J, Gupta V, Kaoutzanis C, Shi H, Shack RB, Grotting JC, Higdon KK. Venous Thromboembolism in the Cosmetic Patient: Analysis of 129,007 Patients. Aesthet Surg J. 2017;37(3):337-349(abre em nova aba)(Estudo de Pesquisa)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjw173

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Facial Aging Science

5 sources

Volumetric, structural, and gravitational models of facial aging.

Referências

01
Guyuron B, et al. Factors contributing to the facial aging of identical twins. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;123(4):1321-1331(abre em nova aba)(Estudo de Pesquisa)Acessado em: 2026-03-21DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31819c4d42
02
Coleman SR, Grover R. The anatomy of the aging face: volume loss and changes in 3-dimensional topography. Aesthet Surg J. 2006;26(1S):S4-S9(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.asj.2005.09.012
03
Lambros V. Observations on periorbital and midface aging. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120(5):1367-1376(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-03-21DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000279348.09156.c3
04
Rohrich RJ, Pessa JE. The fat compartments of the face: anatomy and clinical implications for cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119(7):2219-2227(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-03-21DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000265403.66886.54
05
Ramanadham SR, Rohrich RJ. Newer Understanding of Specific Anatomic Targets in the Aging Face as Applied to Injectables: Superficial and Deep Facial Fat Compartments. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(5 Suppl):49S-55S(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001730

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Combined Procedures

4 sources

Evidence for simultaneous rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, fat grafting, and neck lifts.

Referências

01
Carraway JH, Mellow CG. The prevention and treatment of lower lid ectropion following blepharoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;85(6):971-981(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199006000-00025
02
Pitanguy I, Ceravolo MP. Our experience with combined procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1983;71(1):56-65(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198301000-00013
03
Achauer BM, Adair SR, VanderKam VM. Combined rhytidectomy and full-face laser resurfacing. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;106(7):1608-1611(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/00006534-200012000-00027
04
Gentile P, Garcovich S. Systematic Review: Platelet-Rich Plasma Use in Facial Rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023;152(1):72e-82e(abre em nova aba)(Estudo de Pesquisa)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010150

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Complications Management

5 sources

Nerve palsy, hematoma, scarring, and infection — evidence-based management.

Referências

01
Fang AH, de la Torre J. A Systematic Review of Rhytidectomy Complications and Prevention Methods: Evaluating the Trends. Ann Plast Surg. 2025;94(6S Suppl 4):S502-S516(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000004272
02
Webster RC, Kazda G, Hamdan US, Fuleihan NS, Smith RC. Cigarette smoking and face lift: conservative versus wide undermining. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986;77(4):596-604(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198604000-00014
03
Niamtu J 3rd. Expanding hematoma in face-lift surgery: literature review, case presentations, and caveats. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(9 Pt 1):1134-1144(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05
04
Eremia S, Umar SH, Li CY. Prevention of temporal alopecia following rhytidectomy: the prophylactic use of minoxidil. A study of 60 patients. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28(1):66-74(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.01066.x
05
Kaye KO, Casabona GR, Kästner S, Paprottka FJ. Correction and Prevention of the Pixie Ear Deformity: A Combined Technique. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(2):123-136(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjy095

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Men & Facelift

5 sources

Gender-specific technique modifications and outcome differences.

Referências

01
Rohrich RJ, Stuzin JM, Ramanadham S, Costa C, Dauwe PB. The Modern Male Rhytidectomy: Lessons Learned. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;139(2):295-307(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003008
02
Brissett AE, Hilger PA. Male face-lift. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2005;13(3):451-458(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2005.05.001
03
American Society of Plastic Surgeons - Male Cosmetic Surgery Statistics 2024(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-03-21
04
Pascali M, Botti C, Botti G. Face Lifting in Bald Male Patients: New Trends and Specific Needs. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;145(1):60-69(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000006397
05
Baker DC, Stefani WA, Chiu ES. Reducing the incidence of hematoma requiring surgical evacuation following male rhytidectomy: a 30-year review of 985 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116(7):1973-1985(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-10-15DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000191182.70617.e9

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Cost & Access

3 sources

Pricing surveys, geographic variation studies, and financing data.

Referências

01
American Society of Plastic Surgeons - 2024 Procedural Statistics(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-03-21
02
RealSelf - Facelift Cost Guide 2024(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-03-21
03
Medical Tourism Association - Global Healthcare Costs Report(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-03-21

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Global Institutions

7 sources

ASPS, ISAPS, and ABPS statistical reports and professional guidance.

Referências

01
Mayo Clinic - Facelift: Overview, Risks and Results(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-04-01
02
Cleveland Clinic - Rhytidectomy (Facelift): Procedure Details(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-04-01
03
FDA - Cosmetic Surgery Safety Information and Consumer Updates(abre em nova aba)(Fonte Governamental)Acessado em: 2026-04-06
04
NIH National Library of Medicine - Rhytidectomy StatPearls(abre em nova aba)(Fonte Governamental)Acessado em: 2026-04-01
05
Johns Hopkins Medicine - Facelift (Rhytidectomy)(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-04-01
06
World Health Organization - Patient Safety in Surgery(abre em nova aba)(Fonte Governamental)Acessado em: 2026-04-01
07
American Board of Medical Specialties - Board Certification Standards(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-04-01

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

Celebrity & Before/After

3 sources

Published analyses of before/after outcomes and public-figure discussion literature.

Referências

01
American Society of Plastic Surgeons - Celebrity Influence on Cosmetic Procedures(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-03-21
02
Kinney JR, Kim E, Friedman R, Bustos V, Hassell N, Elmer N, Lee BT, Lin SJ. Which Groups of Plastic Surgery Patients Are Impacted by Social Media Use? An In-Depth Review of Social Media Engagement. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024;153(4):824e-837e(abre em nova aba)(Artigo de Periódico)Acessado em: 2026-08-05DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010641
03
The Aesthetic Society - Aesthetic Plastic Surgery National Databank Statistics 2023(abre em nova aba)(Organização)Acessado em: 2026-03-21

Citar esta páginaCC-BY 4.0

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial (2026). Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. DEEPPLANE™. Retirado de https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™. Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources. deepplane.com. Atualizado 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™. Última modificação 2026-10-11. https://deepplane.com/research.

DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial. "Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources." DEEPPLANE™, 2026-10-11, https://deepplane.com/research.

@misc{deepplane_https_deepplane_com_research,
  author = {DEEPPLANE™ Equipa Editorial},
  title  = {Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://deepplane.com/research},
  note   = {Last modified 2026-10-11. Licensed CC-BY 4.0.},
}

<a href="https://deepplane.com/research">Deep Plane Facelift Research: 65 Peer-Reviewed Sources</a> — <a href="https://deepplane.com/surgeons">DEEPPLANE™</a>

Conteúdo licenciado CC-BY 4.0. Gratuito para compartilhar com atribuição a DEEPPLANE™.

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